Headaches - Diagnosing Headaches
Just about everyone has suffered from a headache during their life. Since we have all experienced the pain of a headache, diagnosing a headache may seem like a simple task. You might be surprised to find out however that it can be more difficult than you would think.
Physicians have no general and definitive set of tests for diagnosing headaches. If you feel it, you feel it. But no one else can literally and directly feel your pain, so doctors have to rely on what you report. And, when it comes to reporting symptoms, descriptions can vary wildly.
Some people simply aren't as articulate as others in describing what they feel. The vocabulary for describing it is lacking to an extent as well. Calling a feeling a 'stabbing pain' is (literally speaking) just a metaphor. In many cases, the pain is diffuse, making it difficult to report even the location accurately.
Another difficulty in diagnosis lies in the fact that headaches are not all of one type.
Simple tension headaches - produced by inflamed neck or facial muscles, constricted head blood vessels and other causes - don't generally get diagnosed professionally at all. They're treated with analgesics or just endured until they fade. Migraines, on the other hand, are more intense and periodic. Even here almost half of migraine sufferers never see a physician for their condition.
Physicians can use some objective factors in diagnosing the type of headache, in order to recommend a reasonable treatment.
Even though the pain is subjective, the type of pain is indicative of the type of headache. Migraines, for example, often produce intense throbbing or pulsating sensations. Ordinary tension headaches are typically more regular and diffuse.
Migraine headaches are often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, cold extremities and other signs that those afflicted recognize. Since they tend to be roughly the same from one person to another, that forms an objective group of symptoms that professionals can rely on to form a proper diagnosis.
Cluster headaches are intense pain behind the eye, or temple, that occur for short periods (30 min to 1.5 hours, typically), then re-occur the next day around the same time. This can go on for weeks. Since it's fairly regular, here again physicians have something to go on.
In cases where the headache is the effect of some serious underlying neurologic or other condition, such as a brain tumor, physicians can look for those factors when headaches are reported.
CT or MRI scans can be used to look for well-documented brain activity patterns that can correlate the headache to the underlying physical problem. Headaches that progressively worsen provide doctors an additional clue. Patterns which shift rapidly are another. In some cases an aneurysm (weakening of a blood vessel) that is the root cause can be detected this way.
In those cases where the headache is the result of incorrect medication use - MOH (medication overuse headache) - physicians have the history of the medication used to assist their diagnoses. Medical history of another sort is helpful, too. Migraines run in families, while cluster headaches do not.
Diagnosing headaches is a difficult process. The variety of types and multitude of symptoms create a complex set of factors that make it challenging to diagnose. Obtaining as much information from the patient and tests is the best way to properly diagnose the headache.
Aspirin is a very valuable component in treating headaches.
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The physical events leading to a migraine headaches are not completely clear. However, the current theory is that a migraine headache results from stimulation of nerves and dilation of blood vessels - both within the brain and in the dura, the membrane covering the brain.
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But researchers are leaning toward the view that some abnormality in the hypothalamus is responsible. Side effects can include dizziness and skin rash. But for chronic or intense headaches, there may well be an underlying medical condition that should be diagnosed and treated. As with any chemical, dosage is important and alcohol is no different. Lack of sleep is one of the potential triggers of migraine and other forms of headache.
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